R
%
%
years
R
R
%
years
Total ROI
1189%
On deposit over 10 years
Annualised return
29.13%
Compound annual growth
Deposit (10%)R 150 000
Monthly bond repaymentR 13 252
Monthly net rentalR 7 000
Gross rental yield9.60%
Cash-on-cash return (yr 1)56.00%
After 10 years
Property value (5% p.a.)R 2 443 342
Capital appreciationR 943 342
Total net rental incomeR 840 000
Total returnR 1 783 342

Calculator Features

Simple
Purchase price, deposit, bond rate, rent, expenses, appreciation, holding period — total ROI, CAGR, gross yield, and cash-on-cash shown instantly.
Extended
Return breakdown bars, holding period comparison (3–20 years), and deposit sensitivity analysis (5–40% deposit levels).
Professional
Multi-property comparison vs SA city profiles, bond rate vs appreciation CAGR matrix, and investment property summary statement.

How to Use This Calculator

Enter your purchase price, deposit percentage, and bond details. Then add your expected monthly rent, monthly operating expenses (rates, levy, insurance, maintenance, management fee), annual appreciation rate, and your planned holding period. The calculator combines rental income and capital growth to show your total and annualised return on deposit.

Key Metrics Explained

Cash-on-cash return (year 1)

The cash-on-cash return measures your annual net rental income as a percentage of your cash invested (deposit). It does not include capital appreciation.

Cash-on-Cash = (Annual Net Rental Income ÷ Deposit) × 100

Total ROI over holding period

Total Return = Capital Appreciation + Net Rental Income (over period)
Total ROI % = (Total Return ÷ Deposit) × 100

Annualised return (CAGR)

The compound annual growth rate represents what consistent annual return would produce the same total result over the holding period.

Annualised Return = (1 + Total ROI)^(1/Years) − 1

The power of leverage

When you buy with a bond, you put in 10% deposit but the entire property appreciates. On a R1 500 000 property at 5% appreciation, year 1 gains R75 000 in value — on a R150 000 deposit, that is a 50% return on equity (before expenses and interest). This is why property can outperform direct investment even at lower appreciation rates.

Worked Example

Sipho buys a R1 500 000 flat in Umhlanga with a 10% deposit (R150 000). Bond: R1 350 000 at 10.25% over 20 years = R13 300/month. Monthly rent: R12 000. Monthly expenses: R5 000. Net rental: R7 000/month. Holding period: 10 years. Appreciation: 5% p.a.

Cash-on-cash year 1: (R84 000 ÷ R150 000) = 56%
Property value after 10 years: R2 443 734
Capital appreciation: R943 734
Net rental income (10 years): R840 000 (R7 000 × 12 × 10)
Total return: R1 783 734
Total ROI: 1,189% on deposit
Annualised: 29.5% per year

Note: This does not account for bond interest payments (which are an expense). Net rental income already accounts for operating costs but not the bond interest component of repayments.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good ROI on a South African investment property?

A good total annualised return (combining rental income and appreciation) for South African investment property is typically 10–18% per year on equity. Cash-on-cash returns in year 1 range widely — properties that cash-flow positively after bond repayments are increasingly rare with the prime rate at 10.25%. Many investors accept negative early cash flow for the long-term appreciation upside.

Does this calculator include bond interest as an expense?

The bond repayment is shown for reference, but the ROI calculation focuses on the return on your cash invested (deposit). Monthly net rental income (rent minus operating expenses, excluding bond repayments) is used because the capital repayment portion builds equity — it is not lost. For a cash-flow focused view including bond repayments, use the Rental Cash Flow Calculator.

Should I include transfer costs in my ROI calculation?

Yes, for a more accurate ROI, add transfer duty and conveyancing costs to your deposit input. On a R1 500 000 property, total upfront costs including a 10% deposit + transfer costs can be R300 000+. This reduces your apparent ROI percentage. Use the Transfer Cost Calculator to estimate your full upfront investment.

What is the difference between gross yield and cash-on-cash return?

Gross yield = Annual gross rent ÷ Property value. It ignores expenses and financing.
Cash-on-cash return = Annual net rental income ÷ Cash invested (deposit). It accounts for operating expenses but not bond interest, and uses your actual cash outlay — not the full property value. Cash-on-cash is the most relevant metric for a leveraged investor.

How does inflation affect property investment returns?

Nominal returns shown in this calculator include inflation. Real returns (above inflation) are lower. South African CPI averages approximately 5–6% per year. A property appreciating at 6% nominally is barely keeping pace with inflation in real terms. However, rental income also grows with inflation, and bond repayments stay fixed in nominal terms — making real cash flow improve over time.